SIP cloud and region pinning

Overview

LiveKit SIP is part of LiveKit Cloud and runs as a globally distributed service, providing redundancy and high availability. By default, SIP endpoints are global, and calls are routed through the region closest to the origination point. Incoming calls are routed to the region closest to the SIP trunking provider's endpoint. Outgoing calls originate from the same region where the CreateSIPParticipant API call is made.

In most cases, using the global endpoint is the recommended approach. However, if you need to exercise more control over call routing—for example, to comply with local telephony regulations—LiveKit SIP supports region pinning. This allows you to restrict both incoming and outgoing calls to a specific region.

Region pinning

Region pinning allows you to restrict incoming and outgoing calls to a specific region to comply with local telephony regulations. The following sections describe how to enable region pinning.

Inbound calls

To enable region pinning for incoming calls, configure your SIP trunking provider to use a region-based endpoint. A region-based endpoint is configured to direct traffic only to nodes within a specific region.

Region-based endpoint format

The endpoint format is as follows:

{sip_subdomain}.{region_name}.sip.livekit.cloud

Where:

• {sip_subdomain} is your LiveKit SIP URI subdomain. This is also your project ID without the p_ prefix. You can find your SIP URI on the Project settings page.

  For example, if your SIP URI is sip:bwwn08a2m4o.sip.livekit.cloud, your SIP subdomain is bwwn08a2m4o.

• {region_name} is one of the following regions:

  eu, india, sa, us

For example to create a SIP endpoint for India, see the following:

<your SIP subdomain>.india.sip.livekit.cloud

Use the region-based endpoint to configure your SIP trunking provider. Follow the instructions for external provider setup in SIP trunk setup.

Outbound calls

To originate calls from the same region as the destination phone number, set the destination_country parameter for an outbound trunk. This applies region pinning to all calls made through the trunk. When destination_country is enabled, outbound calls are routed based on location:

• For countries that LiveKit operates data centers in, calls originate from a server within the country.
• For other countries, calls originate from a server that is closest to that country.

In the unlikely event that the preferred region is non-operational or offline, calls originate from another region nearby. For a full list of supported regions, see Available regions.

The destination_country parameter accepts a two-letter country code. To learn more, see CreateSIPOutboundTrunk.

Example outbound trunk

Create an outbound trunk with the destination_country parameter set to India, india.

1. Create a file named outbound-trunk.json, replacing the phone number with your SIP provider phone number and username and password:

   {
     "trunk": {
       "name": "My outbound trunk",
       "phone_number": "+15105550100",
       "username": "myusername",
       "password": "mypassword",
       "destination_country": "in"
     }
   }

2. Create the outbound trunk using the CLI:

   lk sip outbound create outbound-trunk.json

To learn more, see Outbound trunks.

Available regions

The following regions are available for region pinning for SIP: